The Ancient Haida RavensTail Weaving

 In the way of the "best laid plans...," I'd intended to feature a family of Haida artisans starting with Charles Edenshaw and featuring a different member of his talented family every Thursday inasmuch as November is Native American History month. Thanksgiving Thursday altered my plan. Undaunted, I wanted very much to share a very unique and ancient Haida art.

Haida are known for their weaving in its many forms. They weave beautiful baskets, hats and all sorts of items using plant material. The weaving that takes another direction is their fabric weaving.  

 

For one thing, no standard loom is used and for another, the entire process is done while standing. One of the most ancient forms of this type of weaving is known as "RavensTail." It's an extremely old method that requires a very laborious process. For example, an apron worn on the front of regalia can take 6 months and a full chief's robe at least one year!

As you can see from the photo, RavensTail method is a twining method, where the horizontal weft yarn spirals around the vertical warps and other wefts.Whereas in regular weaving, the wefts are plaited under and over the warps.

 

The other factor is that for the RavensTail, the patterns are of a geometric weaving style. Originally inspired by the other forms of weaving previously mentioned. 

 

 

 

 

Rich in symbolism, this ancient art form was almost lost. One who benefited from her lineage dating back to her great,great grandmother, Isabella Edenshaw (wife of Charles and an artist in her own right)and numerous aunties and cousins, is Lisa Hageman Yahgulanaas. She has won many accolades and recognition for her weaving. (She is shown here demonstrating the RavensTail weaving method.)

If you're curious about the RavensTail method, you can find her video demonstration on her website: ravenweaver.com

Below represents Ms. Yahgulanaas and Evelyn Vanderhoop, who was her teacher and mentor.

Robert Davidson: Native American Contemporary

 

 

 

This week is about another of Chief Edenshaw's gifted great grandsons, Robert Davidson (1946-), who is a carver, painter, and printer. 

 

 

Davidson's Haida name is:G̲uud San Glans, which means "Eagle of the Dawn." He is a descendant of  the eagle clan and the eagle features prominently in his works. He is recognized as the leading figure in the renaissance of Haida art and culture.

 

 

As with so many times in art history, the renaissance is not a re-creation of what was, but rather a combining with what was with a modern twist. Davidson's works are often representative of that combination. While he can and does build traditional totems and other older Haida styles, he also creates paintings, prints and jewelry in a stripped down, modern version of the ancient stories.

 

 

 

 We tend to think of Native American art as being of a fixed historic time. That's usually what people want to buy. However, when you consider that Davidson's exhibit at the Seattle Art Museum was titled, "Abstract Impulse," it does speak to the diversity of Native American art.

 

Here are samplings of  his stylized eagle representation. What are your thoughts on this contemporary approach?

 

 

  November is Native American History Month and last week's blog was about the Haida Chief and Master Carver, Charles Edenshaw. His amazing art skills passed down through his family. One of the recipients was his great grandson, Jim Hart (1952-), Hereditary Chief and also a Master Carver. 

 

The Haidas' ancestral territory was known as "Haida Gawaii," more commonly found on maps as Queen Charlotte Islands. It's an archipelago off of BC, Canada. Since the Haida lived there for more than 12,500 years, their main sources of subsistence and mythology were derived from the sea and the sky. The Raven, the Eagle and the Orca are all featured prominently in their art - especially Raven and Eagle.

                                                                                                                                                                      These influences are part of the carvings of Hart. He has created spectacular carvings be they totems or screens. He's also the first of his nation to use bronze for his sculptures. An example of his bronze

 works is "The Three Watchmen," now in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Another of Hart's highly regarded carvings is a massive 16' x 11' piece titled, "The Dance Screen." Hart spent 3 years salvaging red cedar from the wildfires on the islands, and with the assistance of 4 carvers, finished this monumental piece, which describes a mix of stories about the cycles of life.

For the last example of Hart's story concept, he worked with carvers from the Mohawk, Maliseet and Coastal Salish tribes to create the piece titled, "Reconciliation Pole."

 

 

 

 It is a 55 foot totem made from an 800 year old red cedar tree to tell the story of Native American life before, during and after their children were sent away to Indian Residential Schools. The art is beautifully rendered. Yet, speaks to a enormously poignant period that began in the 1800s and didn't end in Canada until 1966. (Here's a diagram you can enlarge to see the different periods of time on the totem.)

 

 

 

 

 

By now, the story of these children is well known. The answer to how many died is unknown. Only a few schools in Canada have been examined and that number is about 6,000. Hart decided that he would extrapolate from that number and came up with 60,000 in total. Hence, Native American families of the children and survivors pounded 60,000 copper nails into the pole. That's the reason for the title of Reconciliation. (Although the nails were pounded all along the pole, here you can see the ones outlining the school.)

 

 

If you're ever in the beautiful city of  Vancouver, BC, you can visit the pole at the UBC campus where the Native Americans controlled the ropes to raise the pole as has been their custom for all totems.(You can also watch the process on videos.) 

Charles Edenshaw: Native American History Month

November is Native American History Month. As with most indigenous cultures, the arts are so important in their rituals, history, mythology and passages. 

 

 

There's a patriarch and chief of the Haida people, who was famous not only for his paintings, woodcarving, argillite carvings and jewellery, but also for his lineage of artists. His English name was Charles Edenshaw (1839-1920) and his Haida name was Tahaygen. (This week will be his art and over successive Thursdays this month, his famous family lineage. )

 

Edenshaw was recognized for his talents by the Haida people, collectors and anthropologists as an exceptional carver. He was renown for his originality and innovation while adhering to the strict guidelines of design principles of the Haida traditions.

 

 

By the time Edenshaw had developed his unique style, his works were in such demand that he made his living as an artist. He traveled extensively with his family through British Columbia and Alaska during the Spring and Summer, carving and selling his works. 

 

 

Carved works included: chests, bowls, platters, masks, poles, canes to sell to outsiders; whereas his works using silver or gold were for family crests of Haida people. His carvings often explored the mythical such as the Raven stories of creation.

Edenshaw's works are in the collections of museums and there's a book available on Amazon of his works showing the details of his beautiful designs. (click on images to see enlargements)

Next week will continue the Haida artist, Jim Hart, Edenshaw'sgreat grandson and an amazing sculptor.